Information Formats

   Having a little knowledge of different formats lets us choose how we want to communicate. If we use the corporate media as a model we communicate with a flurry unstructured claims.

  

list

Having a sequence of items is key to planning and managing any complex activity. Often list elements are sorted by priority.

Edward Tufte, an important author on written communication, warns against vapid lists of phrases that are common in (bad) slide presentations.

Ask E.T.: Lists: theory and practice



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text

Much written communication is in prose that has little outward structure. An essay may have an introductory topic, sets of explanations, and a concluding paragraph. A book may be divided into chapters, sometimes with sub-sections. We text all the time in news and recreational reading which is fairly unstructured. Most political news is given to us in this format.

When we do any type of project involving a team of people we need more than just unstructured text. We need to be able to identify what tasks and problems exist, for example. Often with simple text we cannot even determine the number of tasks and problems described, for example.

Institutions which deal with large amounts of information, such as hospitals and libraries, carefully structure their information. (Actually hospital information is often rather difficult to use, but it does have structures and standards.) Businesses must manager large amounts of information, and often have may programmers and database experts to assist. In activism, however, simple text is used almost exclusively.

Simple text may be important for describing a first-person experience. A speculative essay perhaps should not have much structure. When information needs action, structure is usually required. ("Form follows function.")

Essay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Article (publishing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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time graph

Representing change over time in a graph is helpful to show a trend and the current status of some measure. The dropping popularity of W. Bush and the Iraq Occupation are two examples.

Bush Approval Ratings, Aggregated - Both Terms - 1 May 2007
Presidential Approval Rating - Iraq - July 2004



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data flow diagram

A data flow diagram depicts how information flows from one process to the next. The paths of money and goods may also be tracked.

Data flow diagrams are helpful when trying to understand a complex system. Describing how oil profits travel and disperse would be a useful case.

Data flow diagrams sometimes are a little abstract, and may not be helpful in detailed planning.

Data flow diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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outline

An outline, such as a list with sub-lists (a tree), can be helpful for helping a person go from a high-level view to a low-level of granularity. They are helpful for describing composition. US national legislation often follows an outline format.

A complex disaster plan might use an outline structure. Medical needs would be in one section, evacuations in another. These sections could be broken down into sub-sections. (This is just an example. Other structures are possible for a disaster plan.)

Outline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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flowchart

A flowchart records steps and decisions. They are helpful for documenting recommended procedures.

Flowcharts can be helpful for training but large quantities can bog down a team.

Flowchart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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data model

A data model describes information structure. If an activist wants to record information on volunteers, for example, it will be helpful to consider how many different types of information should be captured. Recording all of the languages somebody speaks may require going beyond a simple table of volunteer names and contact information.

Data model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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database

A database allows information to be stored and retrieved. A commercial database server is capable of handling massive amounts of data and performing complex searches. There is also protection available to prevent multiple updates at once from corrupting data.

The most common type of database system for large sets of data is a relational database. The term is used rather loosely. The data is updated and searched with a language called SQL. (SQL is pronounced as both "S-Q-L" and "sequel.")

The main public political databases are for legislation and campaign contributions. While large political parties probably have a collection of large databases there are usually few at the grassroots level.

Organizing data into tables requires planning and sometimes experimentation. Women seem to prefer database work to general programming.

Database - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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organizational chart

In a top-down organization such as a corporation, a chart of who reports to whom is important. Often the chart exists in a database and only small sections are displayed at one time. It is sometimes abbreviated as "org chart."

An informal activist group does not need one for itself. In a large organization they are helpful, though.

Organizational chart - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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state diagram

A state diagram helps how something changes from one condition to another. A citizen may change from "passive" to "active" following an upsetting revelation about government abuse, for example.

State Diagrams are most common in electrical engineering.

State diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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(C) 2008 Kevin Pardo