Project Concepts

   Many ideas are important to consider when supporting an action. Just rushing out and doing something often doesn't work, especially for a large team. Some of the terms are uncommon, but many are standard.

  

considering trade-offs

Many decisions require weighing actions which have both positive and negative effects. Different attributes of a decision may include morality, practicality, effort, cost, team acceptance, and integration with other decisions.

In activism, idealism may mean (progressive) morality is the only factor considered. Projects can go out of control, with little rational thought driving actions. Budgets run out, and critics can find many faults to exploit.

Idealism is of course important, and sometimes it is better to be idealistic than practical. Standing up against extreme abuses sometimes requires immediate moral indignation. For long-term projects, idealism needs to be balanced with other factors during planning.




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complexity

Complexity greatly increases project problems. Quality drops while the required work skyrockets. Critical tasks are forgotten. Under deadline pressure, panic and mistakes increase. In complex environments nobody understands what is happening, and often people are too busy to try to find out. Complex projects often fail, despite the sophistication of individuals on the teams.

Many people discount complexity as a problem. They will expand a project, proud of how many new activities they can add. It is human to want to increase complexity early in a project, but success requires simplicity. This can cause friction. While some team members are increasing the scope and effort of a project others begin to oppose everything new.

Strategies for reducing complexity include opposing project additions, encapsulating details, and making everybody understand the impact.




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clarity

Ideally information should be clear in a group activity. This applies to ideas such as goals as well as the language used in general communication.

Clear terms are those which are recognizable by the people who will use them. Ideally key terms should have a single meaning in a project. Shorter terms are preferred over longer ones. Academic vocabulary may be less valuable than what is used in a community or workplace. Synonyms should be avoided. When synonyms creep in, it may be helpful to include the less standard term in parenthesis. For example: Iraq Occupation (Gulf War II).

Terms should be distinct so that they are not confused with similar terms. Vocabulary lists may help. In some cases these are critical to a project. (Actual readership of vocabulary lists may be low.)

A project style guide may even discourage creativity when it comes to naming conventions.

No information will be perfect of course. There will always be information which is unclear or out-of-date. Information should never be treated so highly that it cannot be questioned.

George Orwell: Politics and the English Language
PBS - Mark Twain: Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses
Recommended C Style and Coding Standards



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information volume

News, projects, and life in general showers us with information. Some of the information will have value, practical or emotional. Much of the information is incorrect or redundant.

Writing down key information and keeping it current is an important activity. Even basic training documents for project teams frequently do not exist.

Generally information should be minimized. It is tempting to maximize information quantity, but relevance, conciseness, and correctness are usually more important.




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firefighting

When a group spends its time jumping from one crisis to the next it, is termed firefighting. This spirit can seem exciting at times but significant firefighting usually means that the group is in chaos, and its activities failing.




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significance

Some things will matter on a project and some won't. Weighting the many problems and solutions on a project is a basic activity.




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low hanging fruit

Low hanging fruit describes fairly areas to get results. It is often good to follow-up on potentially easy successes and be selective on potentially impractical opportunities.

Low Hanging Fruit



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special case

Sometimes unusual opportunities or problems come up. They may be in planning or day-to-day operations of some activity. Usually it is best to avoid focusing on these special cases unless they are significant.

Some professionals, such as pharmacists, must focus on potential special cases on a regular basis. A patient with many health conditions and medications needs a skilled evaluation of potential treatment conflicts. In general, though, simple is best.




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morale

The energy and enthusiasm of a team matters. Especially in activism it is easy to find another group or to drop out, returning to a focus on work and family.

Project success, quality, and positive public reception can increase morale. Feeling that one's work contributed to success is important. Recognition may boost morale as well.

If effort is wasted, the pressure is high, and managers lack empathy then morale will suffer badly. Eventually people will quit, possibly inducing others to leave as well.




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change

Altering a project creates ripples that may be quite disruptive. In a political organization a policy change will mean speeches, pamphlets, and websites will need to be updated. The change will need to be announced inside and outside of the organization, and justified.

Changes early in a project are often less disruptive than when there has been a "release" to the world. Because of this, making good decisions at the start of a project is valuable. Excessive planning can consume time, money, and morale, however. Sometimes teams intentionally minimize planning when a rough release of a project may provide early feedback and results.

Most activism is about changing society. This sometimes can be in contradiction to the stability needed to make some projects successful.




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aggressive vs. cautious

Sometimes people like to rush into action while others like to do thorough research and planning. Both of these approaches can be valid, but some consideration of the long-term direction of a group is important.

Jumping into a project can be exciting and generate initial excitement. Men in particular may enjoy this, and may seek out haste and urgency. Sometimes there are opportunities which require quick action.

Projects with excitement but no planning can go badly if they are lengthy. People get burned-out and the project descends into chaos. Major mistakes, which might have been prevented by solid preparation, become frustrating.

Cautious work, with abundant discussion and documentation, is necessary for complex activities. The quality of the individual tasks increases and people are less likely to feel burned.

Cautious work environments can decrease morale because results are delayed. Meetings can be unfocused when nothing is to be delivered in the short-term. Long planning and refinement stages may also give more opportunities for both wild ideas and excessive on minor parts of a project.

Sometimes gender contributes to the pace of a project. Male managers may jump from one rushed project to another, until their organization is collapsing. Female managers often support quality and documentation but may shy away from high impact results. Women often, for example, do not like technology. (Often high tech solutions are expensive and more trouble than they are worth, but men are more likely than women to attempt improvements through technology.) This is a complex and sensitive topic, but it does seem to be significant.




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scope creep

This is an increase of activities covered by a project. Extreme creep means the project is out of control. This is a constant problem on projects and there are many terms for it.

Feature creep and featuritis are common terms in software projects. Mission creep is applied to military operations.

Scope creep - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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change freeze

As deadlines approach in a project, it is often important to stop changes to goals, designs, or implementation for stability and understanding of what is happening. Changes often "break" the work of many people, so meeting deadlines and maintaining morale requires controlling the magnitude of changes. If a great idea comes up at the end of the project it is often best to include it in the next version. Many people are prone to brainstorms throughout a project and can run the project into the ground.

Freezes are usually planned and implemented in stages, with upstream decisions being locked first. As completion approaches the only changes which should be permitted are minor fixes. A book might require corrections to grammar and spelling, for example, but no new content would be added.

Late changes, even if low-impact, should be approved by people in the project. Late changes should have a justification.

To deal with the real-life need for changes it may be best to plan on multiple versions of a product, such as a book or website. This gives everyone the feeling of progress.

Often claims that upstream decisions are final are unreliable, and change happens continually. A well run project will attempt to manage change, however.




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office politics

At its worst power games are done out of sadism and self promotion only. People want to take all the credit for successes while blaming others for all the failures.

In a healthy environment office politics contributes to the project and the people working on them, as well as to individual advancement. Credit is shared, and people take some responsibility for their mistakes. Manipulation is used mainly to keep loose cannons and inexperienced team members (and managers) from causing too much damage.

An organization with high pay and great power is likely to have poor ethics within its managers. Generally in a corporation or government the higher-up people are the most abusive, though they may talk the most idealistically to the public and their employees. Managers who are more interested in people than power usually do not advance far. (Some bad managers get stuck at the bottom, but many low-level managers have not advanced because they don't want to get into high-level games.)




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death march

The brutal end of a project, in which everyone is exhausted and both work and problems seem to be never-ending. This may imply the project will fail.

Trying to finish a project is difficult because many overlooked tasks appear while time and money are running low. Managers may push quite hard.

Death march (software development) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia



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normalizing data

Normalizing data is the structuring of data to remove redundancy and increase the precision of access. This is not a general concept in business, but is critical for those managing data.

If two parts of an activist group begin to maintain their own lists of people then there is waste and uncertainty as to what is correct. Information on volunteers may become completely separate from that of donors, for example.

The way information is structured should make searches precise. A title or search key should describe everything tied to it. A page of a training document entitled "Reaching out to Christians" should contain little information on outreach to Muslims or the general population, for example.

The term "normalizing data" is informal but most people in information technology (IT) will know the term and use it.

Often women in IT dislike programming per se but will be enthusiastic for database work, including normalizing data. Ordering data is more appealing to women than juggling it.




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(C) 2008 Kevin Pardo